Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Coastal Services Center (CSC)
      Originator: US Army Corps of Engineers NY District
      Publication_Date: 20000531
      Title: Benthic grab data from October 1995 in the inland bays of New York/New Jersey Harbor
      Edition: One
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Map
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Charleston, SC
        Publisher: NOAA's Ocean Service, Coastal Services Center (CSC)
      Other_Citation_Details: none
      Online_Linkage: ftp://ftp.csc.noaa.gov/pub/benthic/jb_grab.zip
      Online_Linkage: http://www.csc.noaa.gov/benthic/data/northeast/nynj.htm
      Online_Linkage: http://www.csc.noaa.gov/benthic/
      Online_Linkage: http://www.csc.noaa.gov/
      Larger_Work_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Coastal Services Center (CSC)
          Publication_Date: 20000531
          Title: Sediment Profile Imaging for New York/New Jersey Harbor for October 1994 to October 1995
          Publication_Information:
            Publication_Place: Charleston, SC
            Publisher: NOAA's Ocean Service, Coastal Services Center (CSC)
  Description:
    Abstract: Benthic grab samples were collected using a Shipek grab at pre-determined locations in the harbor. Taxonomic enumerations and biological community parameters were estimated from grab samples and used to assess habitat conditions in conjunction with sediment profile images taken at the same stations. All data were entered into a database, and habitat classes were defined for each station. The database was then used in a Geographic Information System (GIS) to characterize benthic habitat types for New York/New Jersey Harbor.
    Purpose: The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) had a need to develop benthic habitat maps in NY/NJ Harbor. This was critical for developing a plan for dredged material management that was both economically feasible and environmentally sound. The overall objective was to provide background information to plan cost-effective, spatially focused studies for siting dredge material disposal and habitat restoration within the Harbor. These benthic grab data were useful in supplementing sediment profile data taken concurrently, and they are useful for evaluating abundance and biomass for species of interest and comparing community parameters over time and among Harbor sub-basins.
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Range_of_Dates/Times:
        Beginning_Date: 199510
        Ending_Date: 199510
    Currentness_Reference: ground condition
  Status:
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -74.13850
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -73.74700
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.78400
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.58367
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
      Theme_Keyword: biota
      Theme_Keyword: boundaries
      Theme_Keyword: environment
      Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
      Theme_Keyword: inlandWaters
      Theme_Keyword: location
      Theme_Keyword: oceans
      Theme_Keyword: planningCadastre
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Theme_Keyword: Environmental Monitoring
      Theme_Keyword: benthic grab
      Theme_Keyword: benthic habitat
      Theme_Keyword: benthic mapping
      Theme_Keyword: geographic information system
      Theme_Keyword: GIS
      Theme_Keyword: CSC Benthic Habitat Mapping
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Place_Keyword: Northeastern U. S.
      Place_Keyword: New York
      Place_Keyword: New York Harbor
      Place_Keyword: Jamaica Bay
      Place_Keyword: Newark Bay
      Place_Keyword: Upper Bay
      Place_Keyword: Bowery Bay
      Place_Keyword: Flushing Bay
  Access_Constraints: none
  Use_Constraints: It is the responsibility of the user to determine the appropriate use of the data product.
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: NOAA Coastal Services Center
        Contact_Person: CRS Program Manager
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical
        Address: 2234 South Hobson Avenue
        City: Charleston
        State_or_Province: South Carolina
        Postal_Code: 29405-2413
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: (843) 740-1200
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (843) 740-1224
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: csc@noaa.gov
      Hours_of_Service: Monday-Friday, 8am-5pm, Eastern Standard Time
  Native_Data_Set_Environment: Database Exchange Format (DBF)
Data_Quality_Information:
  Attribute_Accuracy:
    Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Quality assurance and control measures included randomly selecting 10% of the samples, reconstituting them with the original debris and repeating the entire separation,identification, and enumeration process. The quality assurance plan followed by Barry A. Vittor and Associates,Inc., called for all samples processed by a particular technician to be redone if more than 10% of that technician's work showed any samples to differ by more than 5% from the original results. For this project, all discrepancies were within 5%. The taxonomists previously worked on several projects for the NY/NJ area and verified each other's identifications. When differences of opinion occurred or when significant doubt remained, outside specialists examined the specimens. Identifications were to the lowest practical identification level (LPIL) when not to the species level.
  Logical_Consistency_Report: All data are believed to be logically consistent.
  Completeness_Report: All grab data were not included in this data layer.Abundances for species of interest (usually the ten most abundant species plus commercially important species) were included in this data layer. Data on less frequently occurring species were not included, but these data can be found in the NY/NJ Harbor project database tables.
  Positional_Accuracy:
    Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
      Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Stations were located in the field using a differential Global Positioning System (GPS), and station coordinates,date and time of day were recorded upon arrival at each station.
    Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
      Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Not relevant to the dataset.
  Lineage:
    Source_Information:
      Source_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: Barry Vittor and Associates, Inc.
          Publication_Date: Unpublished material
          Title: NONE
          Edition: NONE
          Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
          Publication_Information:
            Publication_Place: Charleston, SC
            Publisher: NOAA's Ocean Service, Coastal Services Center (CSC)
          Larger_Work_Citation:
            Citation_Information:
              Originator: NONE
              Publication_Date: 20000531
              Title: NONE
              Publication_Information:
                Publication_Place: NONE
                Publisher: NONE
      Type_of_Source_Media: spreadsheet
      Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
        Time_Period_Information:
          Range_of_Dates/Times:
            Beginning_Date: 199510
            Ending_Date: 199510
        Source_Currentness_Reference: ground_condition
      Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Unknown
      Source_Contribution: Taxonomic counts and community parameter estimates for benthic grabs collected for the NY/NJ Harbor project.
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: A Shipek grab (0.04 m2) was used to collect benthic and sediment samples from one-third of the stations, and the grab was operated concurrently with deployment of a sediment profile camera from a different area of the RVOnrust. Two grabs were taken at each of the grab-sampled stations. All sediments collected in the first grab were prepared for benthic analyses by gently washing the material through a 0.5-mm mesh sieve and washing the contents into a labeled cloth bag that was immersed and stored in 10% buffered formaldehyde and seawater. In the laboratory at Barry A. Vittor and Associates, Inc., Mobile,AL, organisms were separated from the remaining debris by flotation and handpicking, identified by experienced taxonomists, and enumerated. Identification and counts were entered into a spreadsheet file and community parameter estimates were calculated. These data were then entered asa table into a database including the associated sediment profile data, sediment data and navigation records.
      Process_Date: 20000307
      Process_Contact:
        Contact_Information:
          Contact_Organization_Primary:
            Contact_Organization: NOAA Coastal Services Center
            Contact_Person: CRS Program Manager
          Contact_Address:
            Address_Type: mailing and physical
            Address: 2234 South Hobson Avenue
            City: Charleston
            State_or_Province: SC
            Postal_Code: 29405-2413
            Country: USA
          Contact_Voice_Telephone: 843-740-1200
          Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (843) 740-1224
          Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: csc@noaa.gov
          Hours_of_Service: Monday-Friday, 8am-5pm, Eastern Standard Time
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
  Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point
  Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 58
Spatial_Reference_Information:
  Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
    Geographic:
      Latitude_Resolution: 0.0000001
      Longitude_Resolution: 0.0000001
      Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees
    Geodetic_Model:
      Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983
      Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80
      Semi-major_Axis: 6378137
      Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: jbo95ben.dbf
      Entity_Type_Definition: DBF Table
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: None
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Skey
      Attribute_Definition: Unique identifier
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Unknown
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 2
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 253
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Station
      Attribute_Definition: Unique number assigned to sample sites
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Unknown
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Character Field
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Location
      Attribute_Definition: Name of bay or region where station is located
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Unknown
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Atlantic Basin
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Atlantic Basin, Upper Bay, NY
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Unknown
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Bowery Bay
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Bowery Bay, NY
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Unknown
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Bush Terminals
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Bush Terminals, Upper Bay, NY
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Unknown
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Dead Horse Bay
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Dead Horse Bay, NY
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Unknown
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Flushing Bay
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Flushing Bay, NY
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Unknown
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Jamaica Bay
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Jamaica Bay, NY
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Unknown
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Newark Bay
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Newark Bay, NY
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Unknown
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Upper Bay
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Upper Bay, NY
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Unknown
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Latitude
      Attribute_Definition: Latitude in decimal degrees
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Unknown
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 40.5837
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 40.784
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Longitude
      Attribute_Definition: Longitude in decimal degrees
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Unknown
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: -74.1385
          Range_Domain_Maximum: -73.747
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Latutm
      Attribute_Definition: Latitude in UTM Zone 18 coordinates
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Unknown
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 4.49312e+006
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 4.5154e+006
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Longutm
      Attribute_Definition: Longitude in UTM Zone 18 coordinates
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Unknown
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 572816
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 605954
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Taxa
      Attribute_Definition: Number of taxa (species) identified at each station
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Unknown
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 46
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Total
      Attribute_Definition: Total abundance of organisms at each station
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Unknown
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 4590
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Density
      Attribute_Definition: Number of taxa per square meter at each station
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Unknown
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 114750
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: H_
      Attribute_Definition: Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index (H') value at each station
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Unknown
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 2.4
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: J_
      Attribute_Definition: Community Evenness (J') value at each station
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Unknown
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.26
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 1
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: D
      Attribute_Definition: Simpson's Diversity Index value at each station
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Unknown
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.43
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 5.96
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: A_abdita
      Attribute_Definition: Total number of Ampelisca abdita (amphipod) at each station
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Unknown
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 1684
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: C_tubercul
      Attribute_Definition: Total number of Corophium tuberculatum (amphipod) at each station
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Unknown
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 1468
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: M_laterali
      Attribute_Definition: Total number of Mulinia lateralis (clam) at each station
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Unknown
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 553
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: S_benedict
      Attribute_Definition: Total number of Streblospio benedicti (polychaete) at each station
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Unknown
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 427
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Mediomastu
      Attribute_Definition: Total number of Mediomastus spp. (polychaete) at each station
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Unknown
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 437
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: M_gryllota
      Attribute_Definition: Total number of Microdeutopus gryllotalpa (amphipod) at each station
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Unknown
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 1061
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: G_gemma
      Attribute_Definition: Total number of Gemma gemma (clam) at each station
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Unknown
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 448
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Oligochaet
      Attribute_Definition: Total number of Oligochaeta LPIL (oligochaetes) at each station
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Unknown
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 212
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: S_vulgaris
      Attribute_Definition: Total number of Sabella vulgaris (polychaete) at each station
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Unknown
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 509
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: M_mercenar
      Attribute_Definition: Total number of Mercenaria mercenaria (clam) at each station
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Unknown
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 3
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: M_edulis
      Attribute_Definition: Total number of Mytilus edulis (mussel) at each station
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Unknown
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 5
Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: NOAA Coastal Services Center
      Contact_Position: Clearinghouse Manager
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical
        Address: 2234 South Hobson Avenue
        City: Charleston
        State_or_Province: South Carolina
        Postal_Code: 29405
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 843-740-1210
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 843-740-1224
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: csc@noaa.gov
      Hours_of_Service: Monday-Friday, 8am-5pm, Eastern Standard Time
  Resource_Description: Downloadable Data
  Distribution_Liability: While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within limits of the state of the art, NOAA will not assume any liability for damages caused by any inaccuracies in these data, or failure in their use.
  Custom_Order_Process: Benthic grab data from inland bays in New York/New Jersey Harbor, October 1995. For information about obtaining these data, please visit the project home page at http://www.csc.noaa.gov/benthic/data/northeast/nynj.htm
Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 20100518
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: NOAA Coastal Services Center
      Contact_Position: Metadata Specialist
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical
        Address: 2234 South Hobson Avenue
        City: Charleston
        State_or_Province: South Carolina
        Postal_Code: 29405
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 843-740-1200
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 843-740-1224
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: clearinghouse@noaa.gov
      Hours_of_Service: Monday-Friday, 8am-5pm, Eastern Standard Time
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
  Metadata_Extensions:
    Online_Linkage: http://www.ncddc.noaa.gov/metadataresource/metadata-references/files/ncddcmdprofile_v2.pdf
    Profile_Name: Content Specification for Metadata in the National Coastal Data Development Center's Data Catalog Version 2.0
